How did Rome conquer Classical Greece? | DOCUMENTARY

One of the things I never wrapped my head around was how the Roman Republic managed to conquer the mighty city-states and kingdoms of Classical Greece... All the more reason to create a video about it.

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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:51 Classical Greece (359-201 BC)
4:22 First Macedon War (214-205 BC)
7:26 Second Macedon War (201-196 BC)
12:21 Third Macedon War (171-168 BC)
15:23 Breaking the Final Resistance (168-146 BC)

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Already during the 5th and 4th century BC the Greek city-states managed to attain great political power around the Meditteranean. There were a plethora of reasons for this, among them the relative overpopulation of the city-states and a large number of this population participating in warfare.

To the north of the influential city-states of Athens, Sparta and Thebes, lay the tiny Kingdom of Macedonia. In 359 BC, its new king, Philips II, began his two-decade-long reign, during which he managed to gain considerable control over mainland Greece. In 338 BC, at the Battle of Chaeronea, Philips beat an alliance of Greek city-states and gained hegemony over Southern Greece, except Sparta. Philips established the League of Corinth under the pretext of unifying a Greek power block against the eastern Achaemenid Empire. He passed away two years later, upon which his twenty-year-old son Alexander became Macedon's king.

Alexander managed to suppress several uprisings by tribes in the Balkan. City-state Thebes, attempting to exploit the presumably indecisive new ruler, was besieged, defeated and razed to the ground. When Spartan King Agis III took up arms against Macedon a few years later, he too was beaten by Macedon general Antipater, killed, and Sparta was forced to join the League.

Alexander's Macedonian army, augmented with thousands of soldiers from his Greek allies, not to mention the mercenaries, became infamous for the size and distance of its military campaigns. The size and scope of these campaigns were unprecedented, and young Alexander remained undefeated in battle. Nowadays, the name Alexander is still associated with the legendary commander.

When Alexander passed away in 323 BC, his empire tore into separate parts, governed by rulers all engulfed in their own wars. As for Greece, for decades, the city-states faced Macedonian satraps and kings fighting each other, and by the end of the century, the formal cooperation of the Corinthian bond was abolished. A period of chaos and anarchy followed.

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Written by House of History

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